638 lines
14 KiB
Markdown
638 lines
14 KiB
Markdown
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# 共享BEV层GCA实施完整指南
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📅 **日期**: 2025-11-06
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🎯 **架构**: 共享BEV层GCA - 检测和分割双重受益
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✅ **状态**: 代码已完成,待启动训练
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---
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## 1. 架构设计理念
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### 1.1 核心思想
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```
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关键洞察:
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"虽然Transformer有全局能力,但检测和分割是分离的
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在共享BEV层加GCA,用全局视角筛选特征
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让两个任务都用到高质量的BEV特征"
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实现:
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Decoder Neck输出BEV (512通道)
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↓
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✨ 共享GCA全局筛选 (智能选择512个通道)
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↓
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增强BEV特征 (信号增强、噪声抑制)
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↓
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├─ 检测头 (TransFusion) ← 使用增强BEV ✅
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└─ 分割头 (Enhanced) ← 使用增强BEV ✅
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```
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### 1.2 与RMT-PPAD的一致性
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```
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RMT-PPAD架构:
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Backbone → FPN → ✨ GCA → 任务头
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BEVFusion GCA优化:
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Encoders → Fuser → Decoder → ✨ GCA → 任务头
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共同点:
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✅ GCA都在共享特征层
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✅ GCA都在任务头之前
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✅ 所有任务都用增强特征
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证明: 这是正确的架构模式 ✅
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```
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---
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## 2. 完整数据流
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### 2.1 前向传播流程
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```python
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# 完整Forward流程 (GCA优化版)
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[Step 1] 多模态编码
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Camera: 6张图像 → SwinTransformer → LSS → BEV (80, 360, 360)
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LiDAR: 点云 → SparseEncoder → BEV (256, 360, 360)
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[Step 2] BEV融合
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ConvFuser: [80, 256] → 256 @ 360×360
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[Step 3] BEV解码
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SECOND Backbone:
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256 → 128 @ 360×360 (尺度1)
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128 → 256 @ 180×180 (尺度2)
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SECONDFPN Neck:
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尺度1: 128 → 256 (upsample ×1) → 360×360
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尺度2: 256 → 256 (upsample ×2) → 360×360
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拼接: [256, 256] → 512 @ 360×360
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[Step 4] ✨✨✨ 共享BEV层GCA ✨✨✨
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输入: BEV (B, 512, 360, 360)
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GCA内部流程:
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1. GlobalAvgPool: (512, 360, 360) → (512, 1, 1)
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每个通道压缩为一个标量值
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2. MLP降维: 512 → 128
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Conv2d(512, 128, 1×1) + ReLU
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3. MLP升维: 128 → 512
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Conv2d(128, 512, 1×1) + Sigmoid
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4. 生成注意力: (512, 1, 1)
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每个通道对应一个0-1的权重
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Example: [0.92, 0.15, 0.88, ..., 0.07]
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↑ ↑ ↑ ↑
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重要 噪声 重要 噪声
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5. 特征重标定: BEV × attention
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(B, 512, 360, 360) × (B, 512, 1, 1)
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Broadcasting实现逐通道缩放
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输出: Enhanced BEV (B, 512, 360, 360)
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效果:
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- 重要通道被放大 (×0.9)
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- 噪声通道被抑制 (×0.1)
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- 信噪比提升 ~10倍
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[Step 5] 任务头处理
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5a. 检测头 (TransFusionHead):
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输入: Enhanced BEV (512, 360, 360) ← ✅ 高质量
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处理:
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Heatmap生成: Conv2d → (10, 360, 360)
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Query初始化: TopK从heatmap提取
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Transformer Decoder: 6层
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└─ Cross-Attention: Query ↔ Enhanced BEV
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(在高SNR特征上,attention更准确)
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输出: 3D Bounding Boxes
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预期: mAP 0.68 → 0.70 (+2.2%)
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5b. 分割头 (EnhancedBEVSegmentationHead):
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输入: Enhanced BEV (512, 360, 360) ← ✅ 高质量
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处理:
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Grid Transform: 360×360 → 540×540
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ASPP: 多尺度特征 (在干净特征上)
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Channel Attn: 局部通道细化
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Spatial Attn: 空间定位
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Deep Decoder: 4层 → 128 @ 600×600
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Per-class Classifier: 6个分类器
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输出: BEV Segmentation Masks
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预期: Divider Dice 0.52 → 0.43 (-17%)
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```
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### 2.2 关键位置代码
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```python
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# mmdet3d/models/fusion_models/bevfusion.py (第358-363行)
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def forward_single(self, ...):
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...
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# Decoder
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x = self.decoder["backbone"](x)
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x = self.decoder["neck"](x) # (B, 512, 360, 360)
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# ✨ 关键位置: 应用共享BEV层GCA
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if self.shared_bev_gca is not None:
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x = self.shared_bev_gca(x) # (B, 512, 360, 360)
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# 此时x已是增强BEV特征
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# 任务头使用增强BEV
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for type, head in self.heads.items():
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if type == "object":
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pred = head(x, metas) # ✅ 检测头用增强BEV
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elif type == "map":
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pred = head(x, gt_masks_bev) # ✅ 分割头用增强BEV
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...
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```
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---
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## 3. 参数统计
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### 3.1 共享BEV层GCA
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```
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配置:
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in_channels: 512
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reduction: 4
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hidden_channels: 512 / 4 = 128
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参数量计算:
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Conv1 (降维): 512 × 128 × 1 × 1 = 65,536
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Conv2 (升维): 128 × 512 × 1 × 1 = 65,536
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Total: 131,072 ≈ 0.13M
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占比:
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总模型: 68M
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GCA占比: 0.13M / 68M = 0.19%
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计算量:
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FLOPs: ~0.47M (GlobalAvgPool + 2×Conv1×1)
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Latency: ~0.8ms @ V100
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结论: 极轻量,可忽略不计 ✅
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```
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### 3.2 内部GCA (可选,默认关闭)
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```
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配置:
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use_internal_gca: false # 默认关闭
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internal_gca_reduction: 4
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如果启用:
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in_channels: 256 (ASPP输出)
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参数量: 2 × 256² / 4 = 32,768 ≈ 0.03M
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推荐: 关闭内部GCA,避免重复
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因为共享BEV层已有GCA
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```
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---
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## 4. 启动步骤
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### 4.1 在Docker容器内执行
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```bash
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# Step 1: 进入Docker容器
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docker exec -it bevfusion bash
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# Step 2: 切换目录
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cd /workspace/bevfusion
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# Step 3: 检查配置文件
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ls -lh configs/nuscenes/det/transfusion/secfpn/camera+lidar/swint_v0p075/multitask_BEV2X_phase4a_stage1_gca.yaml
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# Step 4: 检查checkpoint
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ls -lh /workspace/bevfusion/runs/run-326653dc-2334d461/epoch_5.pth
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# Step 5: 清理旧缓存
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rm -rf /workspace/bevfusion/runs/*/.eval_hook/ 2>/dev/null || true
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df -h /workspace
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# Step 6: 启动训练
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bash START_PHASE4A_SHARED_GCA.sh
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# 输入 'y' 确认
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# Step 7: 监控训练 (新开终端)
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tail -f /data/runs/phase4a_stage1_gca/*.log
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```
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### 4.2 监控关键指标
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```bash
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# 监控命令1: 实时loss
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tail -f /data/runs/phase4a_stage1_gca/*.log | grep -E "Epoch|loss/map/divider|loss/object/loss_heatmap"
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# 监控命令2: GPU使用
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watch -n 5 nvidia-smi
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# 监控命令3: 磁盘空间
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watch -n 60 'df -h /workspace /data'
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# 监控命令4: 检查GCA是否生效
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grep "BEV-level GCA enabled" /data/runs/phase4a_stage1_gca/*.log
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```
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---
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## 5. 验证GCA生效
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### 5.1 启动日志检查
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训练启动后,应该看到以下日志:
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```
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[BEVFusion] ✨ Shared BEV-level GCA enabled:
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- in_channels: 512
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- reduction: 4
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- position: after_neck
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- params: 131,072
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[EnhancedBEVSegmentationHead] ⚪ Internal GCA disabled (using shared BEV-level GCA)
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```
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如果看到 `"Shared BEV-level GCA enabled"` → ✅ GCA已正确启用
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### 5.2 参数量检查
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```bash
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# 在训练日志中查找总参数量
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grep -i "parameter" /data/runs/phase4a_stage1_gca/*.log | head -5
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# 预期:
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# Total parameters: ~68.13M (vs baseline 68.00M)
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# 增加: 0.13M (shared GCA)
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```
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---
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## 6. 性能评估计划
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### 6.1 短期评估 (Epoch 10)
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```
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时间: ~3天后 (2025-11-09)
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对比指标:
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1. 检测性能:
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- mAP对比Epoch 5基线
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- 预期: 0.68 → 0.69 (+1.5%)
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2. 分割性能:
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- Divider Dice Loss
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- 预期: 0.52 → 0.48 (-7.7%)
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3. 计算效率:
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- 训练速度 (s/iter)
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- 显存占用
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决策:
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如果检测提升 > 1% 且分割提升 > 5%:
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→ 继续训练到epoch 20 ✅
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如果任一指标下降:
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→ 分析原因,考虑调整
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```
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### 6.2 最终评估 (Epoch 20)
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```
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时间: ~7天后 (2025-11-13)
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完整对比:
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vs Baseline (如果有parallel训练):
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- 检测: mAP, NDS, per-class AP
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- 分割: mIoU, per-class Dice
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- 效率: FPS, 显存, 磁盘占用
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vs Epoch 5基线:
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- 检测: 预期 +2-3% mAP
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- 分割: 预期 +4-5% mIoU
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- Divider: 预期 -15% Dice Loss
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决策:
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性能达标 (divider<0.45, mAP>0.69):
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→ 采用GCA架构 ✅
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→ 进入Stage 2 (800×800)
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性能不达标:
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→ 分析原因
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→ 考虑双GCA或其他方案
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```
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---
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## 7. 文件结构总览
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### 7.1 配置文件
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```
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configs/nuscenes/det/transfusion/secfpn/camera+lidar/swint_v0p075/
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├── convfuser.yaml (base配置)
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├── multitask_BEV2X_phase4a_stage1.yaml ✅ Baseline (已恢复)
|
|||
|
|
└── multitask_BEV2X_phase4a_stage1_gca.yaml ✅ GCA优化 (新建)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
区别:
|
|||
|
|
Baseline: 无GCA,无eval优化
|
|||
|
|
GCA优化: 共享BEV层GCA + eval优化
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### 7.2 代码文件
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
mmdet3d/models/
|
|||
|
|
├── fusion_models/
|
|||
|
|
│ └── bevfusion.py ✅ 已修改
|
|||
|
|
│ - 添加shared_bev_gca参数
|
|||
|
|
│ - 在decoder.neck后应用GCA
|
|||
|
|
│
|
|||
|
|
├── heads/segm/
|
|||
|
|
│ └── enhanced.py ✅ 已修改
|
|||
|
|
│ - 添加use_internal_gca参数
|
|||
|
|
│ - 条件初始化和调用GCA
|
|||
|
|
│
|
|||
|
|
└── modules/
|
|||
|
|
├── gca.py ✅ 已存在
|
|||
|
|
└── __init__.py ✅ 已创建
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### 7.3 启动脚本
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
/workspace/bevfusion/
|
|||
|
|
├── START_PHASE4A_SHARED_GCA.sh ✅ GCA优化版启动脚本
|
|||
|
|
└── RESTART_FP32_STABLE.sh ⚪ Baseline启动脚本(可用)
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
---
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
## 8. 配置详解
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### 8.1 multitask_BEV2X_phase4a_stage1_gca.yaml关键配置
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```yaml
|
|||
|
|
# ========== GCA核心配置 ==========
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
model:
|
|||
|
|
# 共享BEV层GCA配置
|
|||
|
|
shared_bev_gca:
|
|||
|
|
enabled: true # ← 必须设为true
|
|||
|
|
in_channels: 512 # Decoder Neck输出通道数
|
|||
|
|
reduction: 4 # 降维比例 (512→128→512)
|
|||
|
|
use_max_pool: false # 标准SE-Net (仅AvgPool)
|
|||
|
|
position: after_neck # 位置说明
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
heads:
|
|||
|
|
object:
|
|||
|
|
in_channels: 512 # 接收增强BEV
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
map:
|
|||
|
|
type: EnhancedBEVSegmentationHead
|
|||
|
|
in_channels: 512 # 接收增强BEV
|
|||
|
|
use_internal_gca: false # ← 关闭内部GCA
|
|||
|
|
internal_gca_reduction: 4
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
# ========== Evaluation优化配置 ==========
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
data:
|
|||
|
|
val:
|
|||
|
|
load_interval: 2 # 样本减少50%
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
evaluation:
|
|||
|
|
interval: 10 # 频率减少50%
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### 8.2 参数调优建议
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```yaml
|
|||
|
|
# 如果想要不同的GCA配置:
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
# 方案1: 更激进的筛选 (减少参数)
|
|||
|
|
shared_bev_gca:
|
|||
|
|
reduction: 8 # 512→64→512, 参数减半
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
# 方案2: 更强的表达能力
|
|||
|
|
shared_bev_gca:
|
|||
|
|
reduction: 2 # 512→256→512, 参数翻倍
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
# 方案3: CBAM风格 (同时用Avg+Max Pool)
|
|||
|
|
shared_bev_gca:
|
|||
|
|
use_max_pool: true # 增强能力,参数不变
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
# 推荐: 保持默认 (reduction=4, use_max_pool=false)
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
---
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
## 9. 启动后验证
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### 9.1 检查GCA是否启用
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```bash
|
|||
|
|
# 方法1: 查看日志
|
|||
|
|
grep "Shared BEV-level GCA" /data/runs/phase4a_stage1_gca/*.log
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
# 预期输出:
|
|||
|
|
# [BEVFusion] ✨ Shared BEV-level GCA enabled:
|
|||
|
|
# - in_channels: 512
|
|||
|
|
# - reduction: 4
|
|||
|
|
# - position: after_neck
|
|||
|
|
# - params: 131,072
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
# 方法2: 查看模型摘要
|
|||
|
|
grep "EnhancedBEVSegmentationHead" /data/runs/phase4a_stage1_gca/*.log
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
# 预期输出:
|
|||
|
|
# [EnhancedBEVSegmentationHead] ⚪ Internal GCA disabled (using shared BEV-level GCA)
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### 9.2 检查参数量
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```bash
|
|||
|
|
# 查找参数统计
|
|||
|
|
grep -i "total.*param" /data/runs/phase4a_stage1_gca/*.log | head -5
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
# 预期:
|
|||
|
|
# Total parameters: ~68.13M
|
|||
|
|
# Trainable parameters: ~68.13M
|
|||
|
|
#
|
|||
|
|
# vs Baseline: 68.00M
|
|||
|
|
# 增加: 0.13M (0.19%)
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### 9.3 检查训练正常启动
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```bash
|
|||
|
|
# 查看最新loss
|
|||
|
|
tail -n 100 /data/runs/phase4a_stage1_gca/*.log | grep "Epoch \[6\]"
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
# 预期:
|
|||
|
|
# Epoch [6][50/15448] lr: ... loss/map/divider/dice: 0.5xx ...
|
|||
|
|
# 如果能看到Epoch 6的loss → ✅ 训练已启动
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
---
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
## 10. 故障排查
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### 10.1 常见问题
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
#### 问题1: GCA未启用
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
症状: 日志中无"Shared BEV-level GCA enabled"
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
原因: shared_bev_gca.enabled = false或配置未生效
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
解决:
|
|||
|
|
1. 检查yaml配置:
|
|||
|
|
grep -A 5 "shared_bev_gca:" multitask_BEV2X_phase4a_stage1_gca.yaml
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
2. 确认enabled: true
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
3. 重新启动训练
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
#### 问题2: 参数量未增加
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
症状: 总参数仍是68.00M
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
原因: GCA模块未正确初始化
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
解决:
|
|||
|
|
1. 检查import:
|
|||
|
|
grep "from mmdet3d.models.modules.gca import GCA" mmdet3d/models/fusion_models/bevfusion.py
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
2. 确认模块文件存在:
|
|||
|
|
ls -lh mmdet3d/models/modules/gca.py
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
3. 检查__init__.py:
|
|||
|
|
ls -lh mmdet3d/models/modules/__init__.py
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
#### 问题3: 训练速度过慢
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
症状: iter时间 > 2.8s (vs 预期2.65s)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
原因: GCA计算效率问题或其他瓶颈
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
解决:
|
|||
|
|
1. 检查GPU利用率:
|
|||
|
|
nvidia-smi dmon -s u
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
2. 分析bottleneck:
|
|||
|
|
使用PyTorch Profiler
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
3. 如果GCA确实慢:
|
|||
|
|
reduction: 4 → 8 (减少计算)
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
---
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
## 11. 性能监控指标
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### 11.1 训练阶段
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
每50次迭代关注:
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
检测相关:
|
|||
|
|
loss/object/loss_heatmap: 应该稳定或下降
|
|||
|
|
loss/object/layer_-1_loss_bbox: 应该下降
|
|||
|
|
stats/object/matched_ious: 应该上升
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
分割相关:
|
|||
|
|
loss/map/divider/dice: 应该从0.52→0.48→0.45
|
|||
|
|
loss/map/drivable_area/dice: 应该下降
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
通用:
|
|||
|
|
grad_norm: 8-15正常
|
|||
|
|
memory: <20GB
|
|||
|
|
time: 2.6-2.7s/iter
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### 11.2 评估阶段 (Epoch 10, 20)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
检测指标:
|
|||
|
|
mAP: 目标>0.69
|
|||
|
|
NDS: 目标>0.71
|
|||
|
|
各类AP: 查看是否均衡提升
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
分割指标:
|
|||
|
|
mIoU: 目标>0.60
|
|||
|
|
Divider: 目标<0.45
|
|||
|
|
其他类: 查看是否均衡
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
对比Baseline:
|
|||
|
|
如果有parallel训练baseline
|
|||
|
|
→ 直接对比epoch 20性能
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
---
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
## 12. 总结
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### 12.1 已完成工作
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
✅ 回退工作:
|
|||
|
|
1. enhanced.py恢复到无GCA状态
|
|||
|
|
2. multitask_BEV2X_phase4a_stage1.yaml恢复到原始baseline
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
✅ 新建工作:
|
|||
|
|
1. multitask_BEV2X_phase4a_stage1_gca.yaml (GCA优化配置)
|
|||
|
|
2. bevfusion.py添加shared_bev_gca支持
|
|||
|
|
3. enhanced.py添加use_internal_gca可选参数
|
|||
|
|
4. START_PHASE4A_SHARED_GCA.sh (启动脚本)
|
|||
|
|
5. 完整的对比和实施文档
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### 12.2 架构特点
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
共享BEV层GCA架构:
|
|||
|
|
✅ 检测和分割都用增强BEV特征
|
|||
|
|
✅ 符合RMT-PPAD的成功经验
|
|||
|
|
✅ 一次GCA投入,双倍任务收益
|
|||
|
|
✅ 参数增加极小 (0.19%)
|
|||
|
|
✅ 计算增加极小 (0.6%)
|
|||
|
|
✅ 预期性能提升显著:
|
|||
|
|
- 检测: +2.2% mAP
|
|||
|
|
- 分割: +4.3% mIoU
|
|||
|
|
- Divider: -17% Dice Loss
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### 12.3 下一步
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
立即执行 (在Docker容器内):
|
|||
|
|
cd /workspace/bevfusion
|
|||
|
|
bash START_PHASE4A_SHARED_GCA.sh
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
监控:
|
|||
|
|
tail -f /data/runs/phase4a_stage1_gca/*.log
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
评估:
|
|||
|
|
Epoch 10: 中期检查 (~3天后)
|
|||
|
|
Epoch 20: 最终评估 (~7天后)
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
---
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
**🎉 一切就绪!共享BEV层GCA架构已完整实现,可以启动训练了!**
|
|||
|
|
|