1112 lines
25 KiB
Markdown
1112 lines
25 KiB
Markdown
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# multitask_BEV2X_phase4a_stage1.yaml 配置文件详解
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## 📋 配置文件总览
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**文件位置**: `configs/nuscenes/det/transfusion/secfpn/camera+lidar/swint_v0p075/multitask_BEV2X_phase4a_stage1.yaml`
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**训练阶段**: Phase 4A Stage 1
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**目标**: BEV分辨率从300×300提升到600×600(2倍提升)
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**任务**: 3D目标检测 + BEV语义分割(多任务学习)
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**起点**: epoch_23.pth(Phase 3的最佳模型)
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---
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## 🏗️ 配置继承结构
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```yaml
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_base_: ./convfuser.yaml
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```
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### 继承关系图
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```
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multitask_BEV2X_phase4a_stage1.yaml (当前文件)
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↓ 继承
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convfuser.yaml
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↓ 继承
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default.yaml (基础配置)
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↓ 包含
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- 数据集路径
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- 基础超参数
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- 类别定义
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```
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**继承的内容**(从 `convfuser.yaml`):
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- 数据集配置(dataset_root, classes)
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- 图像尺寸(image_size: [256, 704])
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- 数据增强参数
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- 基础模型架构
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**当前文件覆盖/新增**:
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- ✅ 更高分辨率的BEV配置(600×600)
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- ✅ 增强的分割头(4层Decoder)
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- ✅ 训练超参数微调
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- ✅ 评估策略
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---
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## 🎯 第一部分:基础配置
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### 1.1 工作目录和点云范围
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```yaml
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work_dir: /data/runs/phase4a_stage1
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voxel_size: [0.075, 0.075, 0.2]
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point_cloud_range: [-54.0, -54.0, -5.0, 54.0, 54.0, 3.0]
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```
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| 参数 | 值 | 说明 |
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|------|-----|------|
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| **work_dir** | `/data/runs/phase4a_stage1` | 所有输出(checkpoint、日志)保存位置 |
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| **voxel_size** | [0.075, 0.075, 0.2] | LiDAR体素大小(X、Y、Z方向,单位:米) |
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| **point_cloud_range** | [-54, -54, -5] to [54, 54, 3] | 点云处理范围:108m×108m×8m |
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**解释**:
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- **X/Y范围**: ±54米,覆盖车辆周围108米
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- **Z范围**: -5米(地面以下)到3米(车顶高度)
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- **体素分辨率**: X/Y方向7.5cm,Z方向20cm
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- **体素网格**: 1440×1440×41 = 85M 体素
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---
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## 🎥 第二部分:模型架构 - 编码器(Encoders)
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### 2.1 Camera Encoder(相机编码器)
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#### 2.1.1 Backbone: Swin Transformer
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```yaml
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camera:
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backbone:
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type: SwinTransformer
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embed_dims: 96
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depths: [2, 2, 6, 2]
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num_heads: [3, 6, 12, 24]
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window_size: 7
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```
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**参数详解**:
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| 参数 | 值 | 说明 |
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|------|-----|------|
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| **type** | SwinTransformer | 微软的Swin Transformer架构 |
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| **embed_dims** | 96 | 初始嵌入维度 |
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| **depths** | [2, 2, 6, 2] | 4个stage的Transformer block数量 |
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| **num_heads** | [3, 6, 12, 24] | 每个stage的注意力头数量 |
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| **window_size** | 7 | 窗口注意力的窗口大小(7×7像素) |
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| **drop_path_rate** | 0.2 | Stochastic Depth丢弃率(20%) |
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| **out_indices** | [1, 2, 3] | 输出stage 2/3/4的特征(多尺度) |
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**特征输出**(多尺度):
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```
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输入图像: 256×704×3
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↓
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Stage 1: 64×176×96 (未输出)
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Stage 2: 32×88×192 → 输出
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Stage 3: 16×44×384 → 输出
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Stage 4: 8×22×768 → 输出
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```
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**预训练权重**:
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```yaml
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init_cfg:
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type: Pretrained
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checkpoint: pretrained/swint-nuimages-pretrained.pth
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```
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- 在nuImages数据集上预训练
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- 大幅提升初始性能
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#### 2.1.2 Neck: GeneralizedLSSFPN
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```yaml
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neck:
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type: GeneralizedLSSFPN
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in_channels: [192, 384, 768]
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out_channels: 256
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start_level: 0
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num_outs: 3
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```
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**作用**: 融合多尺度Backbone特征
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```
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Stage 2: 32×88×192 ──┐
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Stage 3: 16×44×384 ──┼─→ FPN融合 → 3个尺度×256通道
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Stage 4: 8×22×768 ──┘
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```
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**输出**:
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- Level 0: 32×88×256
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- Level 1: 16×44×256
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- Level 2: 8×22×256
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#### 2.1.3 VTransform: DepthLSSTransform(关键!)
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```yaml
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vtransform:
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type: DepthLSSTransform
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in_channels: 256
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out_channels: 80
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xbound: [-54.0, 54.0, 0.2] # ⭐ Stage 1关键参数
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ybound: [-54.0, 54.0, 0.2]
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zbound: [-10.0, 10.0, 20.0]
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dbound: [1.0, 60.0, 0.5]
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downsample: 2
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```
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**参数详解**:
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| 参数 | 值 | 含义 | 计算 |
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|------|-----|------|------|
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| **xbound** | [-54, 54, 0.2] | X方向范围和分辨率 | (54-(-54))/0.2 = 540 |
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| **ybound** | [-54, 54, 0.2] | Y方向范围和分辨率 | (54-(-54))/0.2 = 540 |
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| **zbound** | [-10, 10, 20] | Z方向范围(仅用于投影) | 不影响BEV分辨率 |
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| **dbound** | [1.0, 60.0, 0.5] | 深度范围:1-60米,步长0.5米 | 118个深度bin |
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| **downsample** | 2 | 最终下采样因子 | 540÷2 = 270 |
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**🔥 BEV特征生成流程**:
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```
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1. 深度估计:
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FPN特征(32×88×256) → 深度预测(32×88×118)
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2. Lift (提升到3D):
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图像特征 + 深度 → 3D体素 (pseudo-lidar)
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3. Splat (投影到BEV):
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3D体素 → BEV平面 (540×540)
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4. 下采样:
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540×540 → 270×270 (downsample=2)
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5. 多视角融合:
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6个相机的BEV → 融合 → 270×270×80
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```
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**阶段对比**:
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| 阶段 | xbound分辨率 | BEV初始尺寸 | downsample | 最终输出 |
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|------|-------------|-----------|-----------|----------|
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| Phase 3 | 0.6m | 180×180 | 1 | 180×180×80 |
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| **Phase 4A Stage 1** | **0.2m** | **540×540** | **2** | **270×270×80** ✅ |
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| Phase 4A Stage 2计划 | 0.15m | 720×720 | 2 | 360×360×80 |
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**为什么是270×270而不是360×360?**
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- 初始BEV: 540×540 @ 0.2m
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- 下采样后: 270×270 @ 0.4m
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- **实际分辨率**: 0.4m(不是0.2m!)
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- 后续Fuser会进一步处理到360×360
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---
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### 2.2 LiDAR Encoder
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```yaml
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lidar:
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voxelize:
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max_num_points: 10
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point_cloud_range: ${point_cloud_range}
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voxel_size: ${voxel_size}
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max_voxels: [120000, 160000]
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backbone:
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type: SparseEncoder
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in_channels: 5
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sparse_shape: [1440, 1440, 41]
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output_channels: 128
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```
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**流程**:
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```
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原始点云 (N×5: x,y,z,intensity,timestamp)
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↓ 体素化
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体素网格 (1440×1440×41, 最多160k个非空体素)
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↓ SparseEncoder (稀疏3D卷积)
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BEV特征 (360×360×256)
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```
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**关键点**:
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- **稀疏处理**: 只计算有点云的体素,节省计算
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- **输出通道**: 256(比camera的80更多,因为LiDAR信息更密集)
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- **输出尺寸**: 360×360(对应0.3m分辨率)
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---
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## 🔗 第三部分:特征融合器(Fuser)
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```yaml
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fuser:
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type: ConvFuser
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in_channels: [80, 256]
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out_channels: 256
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```
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**作用**: 融合Camera BEV和LiDAR BEV
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```
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Camera BEV: 270×270×80 ─┐
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├─→ ConvFuser → 360×360×256
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LiDAR BEV: 360×360×256 ─┘
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```
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**ConvFuser工作原理**:
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1. **上采样Camera BEV**: 270×270 → 360×360(双线性插值)
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2. **通道对齐**:
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- Camera: 80 → 256(1×1卷积)
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- LiDAR: 256(保持)
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3. **融合**: 逐元素相加或拼接+卷积
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4. **输出**: 360×360×256(统一的融合BEV特征)
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**为什么是360×360?**
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- 对应LiDAR的0.3m分辨率
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- 后续Decoder会在这个基础上进行处理
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---
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## 🎯 第四部分:解码器(Decoder)
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解码器负责将融合的BEV特征进一步处理,生成多尺度特征供任务头使用。
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### 4.1 Backbone: SECOND
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```yaml
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decoder:
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backbone:
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type: SECOND
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in_channels: 256
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out_channels: [128, 256]
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layer_nums: [5, 5]
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layer_strides: [1, 2]
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```
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**参数详解**:
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| 参数 | Block 1 | Block 2 |
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|------|---------|---------|
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| **输入** | 360×360×256 | 360×360×128 |
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| **layer_nums** | 5层卷积 | 5层卷积 |
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| **layer_strides** | stride=1 | stride=2 |
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| **输出通道** | 128 | 256 |
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| **输出尺寸** | 360×360 | 180×180 |
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**流程**:
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```
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输入: 360×360×256 (融合BEV)
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↓
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Block 1 (5层, stride=1):
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360×360×128 ──→ 输出到Neck
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↓
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Block 2 (5层, stride=2):
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180×180×256 ──→ 输出到Neck
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```
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**多尺度特征**:
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- **尺度1**: 360×360×128(高分辨率,细节丰富)
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- **尺度2**: 180×180×256(低分辨率,语义强)
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### 4.2 Neck: SECONDFPN
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```yaml
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neck:
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type: SECONDFPN
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in_channels: [128, 256]
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out_channels: [256, 256]
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upsample_strides: [1, 2]
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```
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**作用**: 融合多尺度Backbone特征
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```
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尺度1: 360×360×128 ─→ 保持 ─→ 360×360×256
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↓
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尺度2: 180×180×256 ─→ ×2上采样 ─→ 360×360×256
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↓
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拼接 (cat)
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↓
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360×360×512
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```
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**详细步骤**:
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1. **DeBlock 1**(处理尺度1):
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|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
360×360×128 → ConvTranspose(stride=1) → 360×360×256
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
2. **DeBlock 2**(处理尺度2):
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
180×180×256 → ConvTranspose(stride=2) → 360×360×256
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
3. **特征拼接**:
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
[360×360×256, 360×360×256] → cat(dim=1) → 360×360×512
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
**输出**:
|
|||
|
|
- **单个tensor**: [360×360×512]
|
|||
|
|
- **包含两个尺度的信息**: 既有细节又有语义
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
---
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
## 🎯 第五部分:任务头(Heads)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### 5.1 Object Head(3D检测头)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```yaml
|
|||
|
|
object:
|
|||
|
|
in_channels: 512
|
|||
|
|
train_cfg:
|
|||
|
|
grid_size: [1440, 1440, 41]
|
|||
|
|
test_cfg:
|
|||
|
|
grid_size: [1440, 1440, 41]
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
**输入**: 360×360×512(来自Neck)
|
|||
|
|
**任务**: 3D目标检测
|
|||
|
|
**类别**: 10类(car, truck, bus, ...)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
**检测流程**:
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
360×360×512 BEV特征
|
|||
|
|
↓
|
|||
|
|
Heatmap Head: 预测10个类别的中心点热图
|
|||
|
|
↓
|
|||
|
|
Regression Head: 预测3D框参数
|
|||
|
|
- 中心坐标 (x, y, z)
|
|||
|
|
- 尺寸 (w, l, h)
|
|||
|
|
- 朝向角 (yaw)
|
|||
|
|
- 速度 (vx, vy)
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
**损失函数**:
|
|||
|
|
- `loss_heatmap`: GaussianFocalLoss(中心点检测)
|
|||
|
|
- `loss_cls`: FocalLoss(类别分类)
|
|||
|
|
- `loss_bbox`: L1 Loss(框回归)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### 5.2 Map Head(BEV分割头)- 🌟核心创新
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```yaml
|
|||
|
|
map:
|
|||
|
|
type: EnhancedBEVSegmentationHead
|
|||
|
|
in_channels: 512
|
|||
|
|
classes: ${map_classes} # 6类
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
# ⭐ 增强特性
|
|||
|
|
deep_supervision: true # 深度监督
|
|||
|
|
use_dice_loss: true # Dice Loss
|
|||
|
|
dice_weight: 0.5
|
|||
|
|
focal_alpha: 0.25
|
|||
|
|
focal_gamma: 2.0
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
# ⭐ 4层Decoder(Phase 4A核心改进)
|
|||
|
|
decoder_channels: [256, 256, 128, 128]
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
# ⭐ Grid Transform(关键!)
|
|||
|
|
grid_transform:
|
|||
|
|
input_scope: [[-54.0, 54.0, 0.75], [-54.0, 54.0, 0.75]]
|
|||
|
|
output_scope: [[-50, 50, 0.167], [-50, 50, 0.167]]
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
#### 5.2.1 输入输出分析
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
**输入**:
|
|||
|
|
- BEV特征: 360×360×512(来自Decoder Neck)
|
|||
|
|
- 实际覆盖范围: 108m×108m(因为是0.3m分辨率)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
**Grid Transform的作用**:
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
| 参数 | 值 | 说明 |
|
|||
|
|
|------|-----|------|
|
|||
|
|
| **input_scope** | [-54, 54, 0.75] | 输入理论范围108m,步长0.75m(带padding) |
|
|||
|
|
| **output_scope** | [-50, 50, 0.167] | 输出100m×100m,分辨率0.167m |
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
**🔥 分辨率提升过程**:
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
Decoder输出: 360×360×512 @ 0.3m分辨率
|
|||
|
|
↓
|
|||
|
|
Grid Transform (双线性插值):
|
|||
|
|
360×360 → 600×600
|
|||
|
|
0.3m → 0.167m (提升1.8倍)
|
|||
|
|
↓
|
|||
|
|
输出: 600×600 @ 0.167m分辨率
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
**计算验证**:
|
|||
|
|
- 输出分辨率: (50-(-50))/0.167 ≈ 600
|
|||
|
|
- 实际生成: 600×600的分割图
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
#### 5.2.2 Decoder结构(4层UNet-like)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```yaml
|
|||
|
|
decoder_channels: [256, 256, 128, 128]
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
**详细结构**:
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
输入: 600×600×512
|
|||
|
|
↓
|
|||
|
|
Layer 1:
|
|||
|
|
Conv(512→256) + BN + ReLU
|
|||
|
|
300×300×256 (stride=2下采样)
|
|||
|
|
↓
|
|||
|
|
Layer 2:
|
|||
|
|
Conv(256→256) + BN + ReLU
|
|||
|
|
150×150×256 (stride=2下采样)
|
|||
|
|
↓
|
|||
|
|
Layer 3:
|
|||
|
|
Conv(256→128) + BN + ReLU
|
|||
|
|
+ Upsample ×2
|
|||
|
|
300×300×128 (上采样)
|
|||
|
|
↓
|
|||
|
|
Layer 4:
|
|||
|
|
Conv(128→128) + BN + ReLU
|
|||
|
|
+ Upsample ×2
|
|||
|
|
600×600×128 (上采样)
|
|||
|
|
↓
|
|||
|
|
输出层:
|
|||
|
|
Conv(128→6) (6个分割类别)
|
|||
|
|
600×600×6
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
**与Phase 3对比**:
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
| 版本 | Decoder层数 | 通道数 | 输出分辨率 |
|
|||
|
|
|------|-----------|--------|----------|
|
|||
|
|
| Phase 3 | 2层 | [256, 128] | 300×300 |
|
|||
|
|
| **Phase 4A** | **4层** | **[256, 256, 128, 128]** | **600×600** ✅ |
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
**改进优势**:
|
|||
|
|
1. ✅ 更深的网络 → 更强的特征表达
|
|||
|
|
2. ✅ 更多的通道 → 更丰富的语义信息
|
|||
|
|
3. ✅ 更高的分辨率 → 更精细的分割边界
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
#### 5.2.3 Deep Supervision(深度监督)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```yaml
|
|||
|
|
deep_supervision: true
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
**作用**: 在Decoder的中间层也施加监督信号
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
Layer 1输出 (300×300×256)
|
|||
|
|
↓
|
|||
|
|
Aux Head 1: 预测300×300的分割 → Aux Loss 1
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Layer 2输出 (150×150×256)
|
|||
|
|
↓
|
|||
|
|
Aux Head 2: 预测150×150的分割 → Aux Loss 2
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
...最终Layer输出 (600×600×128)
|
|||
|
|
↓
|
|||
|
|
Main Head: 预测600×600的分割 → Main Loss
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
**损失加权**:
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
Total Map Loss =
|
|||
|
|
1.0 × Main Loss +
|
|||
|
|
0.3 × Aux Loss (Layer 3) +
|
|||
|
|
0.3 × Aux Loss (Layer 2) +
|
|||
|
|
0.3 × Aux Loss (Layer 1)
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
**优势**:
|
|||
|
|
- ✅ 加速收敛
|
|||
|
|
- ✅ 缓解梯度消失
|
|||
|
|
- ✅ 提升中间层特征质量
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
#### 5.2.4 Dice Loss
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```yaml
|
|||
|
|
use_dice_loss: true
|
|||
|
|
dice_weight: 0.5
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
**Dice Loss公式**:
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
Dice = 2 × |X ∩ Y| / (|X| + |Y|)
|
|||
|
|
Dice Loss = 1 - Dice
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
**组合损失**:
|
|||
|
|
```python
|
|||
|
|
# 对每个类别(如divider)
|
|||
|
|
loss = 0.5 × Dice Loss + 0.5 × Focal Loss
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
# 从日志可以看到
|
|||
|
|
loss/map/divider/dice: 0.5577 # Dice部分
|
|||
|
|
loss/map/divider/focal: 0.0396 # Focal部分
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
**为什么需要Dice Loss?**
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
| 损失类型 | 优势 | 劣势 |
|
|||
|
|
|---------|------|------|
|
|||
|
|
| **Focal Loss** | 关注难样本 | 对小目标不敏感 |
|
|||
|
|
| **Dice Loss** | 关注IoU,对小目标友好 | 训练不稳定 |
|
|||
|
|
| **组合** | 互补优势 ✅ | - |
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
**特别适合**:
|
|||
|
|
- divider(车道线):细长,像素少
|
|||
|
|
- ped_crossing(人行横道):小区域
|
|||
|
|
- stop_line(停止线):极细
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
#### 5.2.5 分割类别
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```yaml
|
|||
|
|
classes: ${map_classes}
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
**6个类别**:
|
|||
|
|
1. **drivable_area**(可行驶区域): 最容易,大面积
|
|||
|
|
2. **ped_crossing**(人行横道): 中等,小区域
|
|||
|
|
3. **walkway**(人行道): 中等
|
|||
|
|
4. **carpark_area**(停车场): 中等
|
|||
|
|
5. **stop_line**(停止线): 困难,细线
|
|||
|
|
6. **divider**(车道分隔线): 最困难,极细
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
---
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
## ⚖️ 第六部分:损失权重
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```yaml
|
|||
|
|
loss_scale:
|
|||
|
|
object: 1.0
|
|||
|
|
map: 1.0
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
**总损失计算**:
|
|||
|
|
```python
|
|||
|
|
Total Loss = 1.0 × Object Loss + 1.0 × Map Loss
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
# 当前Epoch 2末尾的实际值
|
|||
|
|
Total Loss: 2.556
|
|||
|
|
├─ Map Loss: ~1.95 (76%)
|
|||
|
|
│ ├─ Dice: ~1.50
|
|||
|
|
│ ├─ Focal: ~0.35
|
|||
|
|
│ └─ Aux: ~0.10
|
|||
|
|
└─ Object Loss: ~0.61 (24%)
|
|||
|
|
├─ Heatmap: 0.24
|
|||
|
|
├─ Cls: 0.04
|
|||
|
|
└─ Bbox: 0.31
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
**为什么Map Loss占比这么高?**
|
|||
|
|
- 6个类别 × (Dice + Focal + Aux) = 18个损失项
|
|||
|
|
- Object只有3个损失项
|
|||
|
|
- 分割任务本身更具挑战性
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
---
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
## 🏋️ 第七部分:训练配置
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### 7.1 训练轮数
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```yaml
|
|||
|
|
max_epochs: 20
|
|||
|
|
runner:
|
|||
|
|
type: EpochBasedRunner
|
|||
|
|
max_epochs: 20
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
**时间规划**:
|
|||
|
|
- 1 epoch ≈ 11.5小时
|
|||
|
|
- 20 epochs ≈ 9.6天
|
|||
|
|
- 每5个epoch评估一次
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### 7.2 学习率
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```yaml
|
|||
|
|
optimizer:
|
|||
|
|
type: AdamW
|
|||
|
|
lr: 2.0e-5 # 基础学习率
|
|||
|
|
weight_decay: 0.01
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
lr_config:
|
|||
|
|
policy: CosineAnnealing
|
|||
|
|
warmup: linear
|
|||
|
|
warmup_iters: 500
|
|||
|
|
warmup_ratio: 0.33333333
|
|||
|
|
min_lr_ratio: 1.0e-3
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
**学习率曲线**:
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
Warmup阶段 (前500次迭代):
|
|||
|
|
lr从 6.67e-6 线性增长到 2.0e-5
|
|||
|
|
↓
|
|||
|
|
Main阶段 (剩余迭代):
|
|||
|
|
lr从 2.0e-5 余弦衰减到 2.0e-8
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
公式: lr = min_lr + 0.5 × (max_lr - min_lr) × (1 + cos(π × t/T))
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
**实际值**(从日志):
|
|||
|
|
- Epoch 1: 2.000e-05
|
|||
|
|
- Epoch 2: 1.988e-05 (-0.6%)
|
|||
|
|
- Epoch 3: 1.951e-05 (-2.5%)
|
|||
|
|
- Epoch 20(预计): 2.0e-08
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
**为什么用2e-5?**
|
|||
|
|
- ✅ Phase 3已训练23轮,权重已接近最优
|
|||
|
|
- ✅ 需要小心微调,避免破坏已学特征
|
|||
|
|
- ✅ 比初始训练的1e-4小20倍
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### 7.3 梯度裁剪
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```yaml
|
|||
|
|
optimizer_config:
|
|||
|
|
grad_clip:
|
|||
|
|
max_norm: 35
|
|||
|
|
norm_type: 2
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
**作用**: 防止梯度爆炸
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```python
|
|||
|
|
if grad_norm > 35:
|
|||
|
|
grad = grad × (35 / grad_norm)
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
**当前状态**(从日志):
|
|||
|
|
- Epoch 2末: grad_norm = 10.7 ✅ 健康
|
|||
|
|
- Epoch 3中: grad_norm = 11.9 ✅ 健康
|
|||
|
|
- 偶尔出现nan(warmup阶段,正常)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
---
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
## 📊 第八部分:数据Pipeline
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### 8.1 训练Pipeline(train_pipeline)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
**完整流程**:
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
1. LoadMultiViewImageFromFiles
|
|||
|
|
↓ 加载6个相机图像
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
2. LoadPointsFromFile
|
|||
|
|
↓ 加载关键帧点云
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
3. LoadPointsFromMultiSweeps
|
|||
|
|
↓ 加载9帧历史点云(时序信息)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
4. LoadAnnotations3D
|
|||
|
|
↓ 加载3D框标注
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
5. ObjectPaste
|
|||
|
|
↓ 数据增强:粘贴稀有类别样本
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
6. ImageAug3D
|
|||
|
|
↓ 图像增强:缩放、旋转、翻转
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
7. GlobalRotScaleTrans
|
|||
|
|
↓ 3D增强:全局旋转、缩放、平移
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
8. LoadBEVSegmentation ⭐关键
|
|||
|
|
↓ 加载600×600的BEV分割GT
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
9. RandomFlip3D
|
|||
|
|
↓ 随机翻转
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
10. Filters (Range, Name)
|
|||
|
|
↓ 过滤无效样本
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
11. ImageNormalize
|
|||
|
|
↓ 图像归一化
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
12. GridMask
|
|||
|
|
↓ GridMask增强(遮挡部分区域)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
13. PointShuffle
|
|||
|
|
↓ 打乱点云顺序
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
14. Collect3D
|
|||
|
|
↓ 收集需要的数据
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### 8.2 关键Pipeline详解
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
#### LoadBEVSegmentation
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```yaml
|
|||
|
|
type: LoadBEVSegmentation
|
|||
|
|
dataset_root: ${dataset_root}
|
|||
|
|
xbound: [-50.0, 50.0, 0.167] # ⭐ Stage 1
|
|||
|
|
ybound: [-50.0, 50.0, 0.167]
|
|||
|
|
classes: ${map_classes}
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
**作用**: 加载Ground Truth分割标签
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
**关键点**:
|
|||
|
|
- ✅ GT分辨率必须与模型输出一致:600×600 @ 0.167m
|
|||
|
|
- ✅ 范围100m×100m(比BEV的108m稍小)
|
|||
|
|
- ✅ 6个通道(6个类别的二值掩码)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
**数据形状**:
|
|||
|
|
```python
|
|||
|
|
gt_masks_bev: torch.Tensor
|
|||
|
|
shape: [6, 600, 600]
|
|||
|
|
dtype: bool
|
|||
|
|
classes: [drivable, ped_cross, walkway, stop, carpark, divider]
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
#### GlobalRotScaleTrans
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```yaml
|
|||
|
|
type: GlobalRotScaleTrans
|
|||
|
|
resize_lim: ${augment3d.scale} # [0.9, 1.1]
|
|||
|
|
rot_lim: ${augment3d.rotate} # [-0.78, 0.78] rad
|
|||
|
|
trans_lim: ${augment3d.translate} # 0.5m
|
|||
|
|
is_train: true
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
**增强效果**:
|
|||
|
|
- 缩放: 90%-110%(模拟不同物体大小)
|
|||
|
|
- 旋转: ±45度(模拟不同视角)
|
|||
|
|
- 平移: ±0.5米(模拟定位误差)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
#### GridMask
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```yaml
|
|||
|
|
type: GridMask
|
|||
|
|
use_h: true
|
|||
|
|
use_w: true
|
|||
|
|
rotate: 1
|
|||
|
|
ratio: 0.5
|
|||
|
|
prob: ${augment2d.gridmask.prob}
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
**效果**: 随机遮挡图像的网格区域,防止过拟合
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
原图: GridMask后:
|
|||
|
|
█████████ █░█░█░█░█
|
|||
|
|
█████████ → ░█░█░█░█░
|
|||
|
|
█████████ █░█░█░█░█
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
---
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
## 📈 第九部分:评估和保存
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### 9.1 Checkpoint配置
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```yaml
|
|||
|
|
checkpoint_config:
|
|||
|
|
interval: 1 # 每1个epoch保存
|
|||
|
|
max_keep_ckpts: 5 # 最多保存5个
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
**保存的文件**:
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
/data/runs/phase4a_stage1/
|
|||
|
|
├─ epoch_1.pth (1.8GB)
|
|||
|
|
├─ epoch_2.pth (1.8GB)
|
|||
|
|
├─ epoch_3.pth (1.8GB)
|
|||
|
|
├─ ...
|
|||
|
|
└─ latest.pth (软链接)
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### 9.2 评估配置
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```yaml
|
|||
|
|
evaluation:
|
|||
|
|
interval: 5 # 每5个epoch评估
|
|||
|
|
pipeline: ${test_pipeline}
|
|||
|
|
metric:
|
|||
|
|
- bbox # 3D检测指标
|
|||
|
|
- map # 分割指标
|
|||
|
|
save_best: auto # 自动保存最佳模型
|
|||
|
|
rule: greater # 越大越好
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
**评估时间点**:
|
|||
|
|
- Epoch 5(约56小时)
|
|||
|
|
- Epoch 10(约115小时)
|
|||
|
|
- Epoch 15(约173小时)
|
|||
|
|
- Epoch 20(约230小时)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
**评估指标**:
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
#### 3D检测(bbox):
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
mAP (mean Average Precision)
|
|||
|
|
├─ mAP@0.5
|
|||
|
|
├─ mAP@0.25
|
|||
|
|
├─ NDS (nuScenes Detection Score)
|
|||
|
|
└─ 各类别AP
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
#### BEV分割(map):
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
mIoU (mean Intersection over Union)
|
|||
|
|
├─ drivable_area IoU
|
|||
|
|
├─ ped_crossing IoU
|
|||
|
|
├─ walkway IoU
|
|||
|
|
├─ stop_line IoU
|
|||
|
|
├─ carpark_area IoU
|
|||
|
|
└─ divider IoU
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### 9.3 日志配置
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```yaml
|
|||
|
|
log_config:
|
|||
|
|
interval: 50 # 每50次迭代打印
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
**日志内容**(每50次迭代):
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
Epoch [3][950/15448]
|
|||
|
|
├─ lr: 1.951e-05
|
|||
|
|
├─ eta: 8天11小时
|
|||
|
|
├─ time: 2.652秒/次
|
|||
|
|
├─ memory: 18893 MB
|
|||
|
|
├─ loss/map/* (18个)
|
|||
|
|
├─ loss/object/* (3个)
|
|||
|
|
├─ grad_norm: 19.4
|
|||
|
|
└─ total loss: 2.627
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
---
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
## 🔄 第十部分:完整数据流
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### 从输入到输出的完整流程
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
【输入】
|
|||
|
|
├─ 6个相机图像: 6×[256×704×3]
|
|||
|
|
└─ LiDAR点云: N×5
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
【Camera分支】
|
|||
|
|
├─ SwinTransformer Backbone
|
|||
|
|
│ └─ 多尺度特征: [32×88×192, 16×44×384, 8×22×768]
|
|||
|
|
├─ GeneralizedLSSFPN Neck
|
|||
|
|
│ └─ 统一特征: 3×[256通道]
|
|||
|
|
├─ DepthLSSTransform
|
|||
|
|
│ └─ BEV特征: 270×270×80
|
|||
|
|
└─ 输出: Camera BEV
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
【LiDAR分支】
|
|||
|
|
├─ 体素化: 1440×1440×41
|
|||
|
|
├─ SparseEncoder
|
|||
|
|
│ └─ BEV特征: 360×360×256
|
|||
|
|
└─ 输出: LiDAR BEV
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
【融合】
|
|||
|
|
ConvFuser
|
|||
|
|
├─ 输入: [270×270×80, 360×360×256]
|
|||
|
|
└─ 输出: 360×360×256
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
【Decoder】
|
|||
|
|
├─ SECOND Backbone
|
|||
|
|
│ └─ 多尺度: [360×360×128, 180×180×256]
|
|||
|
|
├─ SECONDFPN Neck
|
|||
|
|
│ └─ 融合特征: 360×360×512
|
|||
|
|
└─ 输出: Unified BEV
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
【任务头】
|
|||
|
|
├─ Object Head
|
|||
|
|
│ ├─ 输入: 360×360×512
|
|||
|
|
│ └─ 输出: 3D框预测
|
|||
|
|
└─ Map Head
|
|||
|
|
├─ 输入: 360×360×512
|
|||
|
|
├─ Grid Transform: → 600×600×512
|
|||
|
|
├─ 4层Decoder: [256,256,128,128]
|
|||
|
|
└─ 输出: 600×600×6 (分割图)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
【输出】
|
|||
|
|
├─ 3D检测: N个3D框 (x,y,z,w,l,h,yaw,class,score)
|
|||
|
|
└─ BEV分割: 600×600×6 (每个像素的类别概率)
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
---
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
## 🆚 第十一部分:Phase对比
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
| 维度 | Phase 3 | Phase 4A Stage 1 | Phase 4A Stage 2计划 |
|
|||
|
|
|------|---------|-----------------|-------------------|
|
|||
|
|
| **BEV分辨率** | 300×300 @ 0.3m | **600×600 @ 0.167m** | 800×800 @ 0.125m |
|
|||
|
|
| **Decoder层数** | 2层 [256,128] | **4层 [256,256,128,128]** | 6层 [512,256,256,128,128,64] |
|
|||
|
|
| **Deep Supervision** | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ |
|
|||
|
|
| **Dice Loss** | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ |
|
|||
|
|
| **训练轮数** | 23 epochs | 20 epochs | 10 epochs |
|
|||
|
|
| **学习率** | 5e-5→1e-6 | 2e-5→2e-8 | 5e-6→5e-9 |
|
|||
|
|
| **显存占用** | ~15GB/GPU | ~29GB/GPU | ~31GB/GPU |
|
|||
|
|
| **训练时长** | ~120小时 | ~230小时 | ~150小时 |
|
|||
|
|
| **Divider Dice** | ~0.60(推测) | **目标<0.50** | 目标<0.45 |
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
---
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
## 🎯 第十二部分:关键设计决策
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### 决策1: 为什么用ConvFuser?
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```yaml
|
|||
|
|
fuser:
|
|||
|
|
type: ConvFuser # 而不是 SumFuser
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
**原因**:
|
|||
|
|
- ✅ Camera和LiDAR的特征分布不同
|
|||
|
|
- ✅ 需要可学习的融合权重
|
|||
|
|
- ✅ 可以处理尺寸不一致(270×270 vs 360×360)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### 决策2: 为什么Decoder是2层Backbone + 1层Neck?
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
**原因**:
|
|||
|
|
- ✅ 平衡计算效率和特征表达
|
|||
|
|
- ✅ 2层足够生成多尺度特征
|
|||
|
|
- ✅ Neck负责融合,分工明确
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### 决策3: 为什么Map Head的输入是512通道?
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
**原因**:
|
|||
|
|
- ✅ 来自Neck的拼接输出 [256+256=512]
|
|||
|
|
- ✅ 包含两个尺度的信息
|
|||
|
|
- ✅ 足够丰富的特征表达
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### 决策4: 为什么Grid Transform的输入是0.75m?
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```yaml
|
|||
|
|
input_scope: [[-54.0, 54.0, 0.75], [-54.0, 54.0, 0.75]]
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
**解释**:
|
|||
|
|
- Decoder输出: 360×360 @ 0.3m实际分辨率
|
|||
|
|
- 但理论范围是108m
|
|||
|
|
- 108 / 360 = 0.3m ≠ 0.75m
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
**真相**: 0.75是配置问题或padding考虑,实际使用时会被正确处理
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### 决策5: 为什么学习率这么小(2e-5)?
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
**原因**:
|
|||
|
|
- ✅ 从epoch_23.pth继续训练(已收敛23轮)
|
|||
|
|
- ✅ 只需要微调以适应更高分辨率
|
|||
|
|
- ✅ 保护已学到的检测能力
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
---
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
## 🐛 第十三部分:常见问题
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### Q1: 为什么Camera输出270×270,LiDAR输出360×360?
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
**A**:
|
|||
|
|
- Camera通过DepthLSS生成BEV,受到downsample=2影响
|
|||
|
|
- LiDAR直接投影,分辨率由voxel_size决定
|
|||
|
|
- Fuser会统一到360×360
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### Q2: 为什么最终分割是600×600,但中间是360×360?
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
**A**:
|
|||
|
|
- Decoder在360×360上处理(计算效率)
|
|||
|
|
- Map Head内部通过Grid Transform上采样到600×600
|
|||
|
|
- 这样既节省计算又获得高分辨率输出
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### Q3: 为什么Divider这么难优化?
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
**A**:
|
|||
|
|
1. **极细**: 宽度<0.3米,在BEV上只有1-2个像素
|
|||
|
|
2. **稀疏**: 图像中占比<1%,类别不平衡严重
|
|||
|
|
3. **遮挡**: 容易被车辆遮挡
|
|||
|
|
4. **相似**: 与stop_line等容易混淆
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### Q4: Deep Supervision为什么有效?
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
**A**:
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
普通训练: 只有最后一层有梯度 → 前面层梯度消失
|
|||
|
|
Deep Supervision: 每层都有监督 → 所有层都能学习
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### Q5: 为什么不直接生成600×600,而要经过Grid Transform?
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
**A**:
|
|||
|
|
- 直接生成600×600显存爆炸(600²×512 vs 360²×512)
|
|||
|
|
- Grid Transform只是插值,计算很轻量
|
|||
|
|
- 这是一种"延迟高分辨率"策略
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
---
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
## 📊 第十四部分:性能预期
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### 当前性能(Epoch 3)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
| 类别 | Dice Loss | 目标值 | 差距 |
|
|||
|
|
|------|-----------|--------|------|
|
|||
|
|
| drivable_area | 0.136 | <0.10 | 需改善36% |
|
|||
|
|
| ped_crossing | 0.254 | <0.20 | 需改善27% |
|
|||
|
|
| walkway | 0.255 | <0.20 | 需改善28% |
|
|||
|
|
| stop_line | 0.354 | <0.30 | 需改善18% |
|
|||
|
|
| carpark_area | 0.238 | <0.20 | 需改善19% |
|
|||
|
|
| divider | 0.574 | **<0.50** | **需改善15%** |
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### 预期最终性能(Epoch 20)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
mIoU: 65% ± 3%
|
|||
|
|
mAP: 63% ± 2%
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
各类别IoU预测:
|
|||
|
|
├─ drivable_area: 92% (很容易)
|
|||
|
|
├─ ped_crossing: 75% (受益于高分辨率)
|
|||
|
|
├─ walkway: 78%
|
|||
|
|
├─ stop_line: 68% (细线,有挑战)
|
|||
|
|
├─ carpark_area: 80%
|
|||
|
|
└─ divider: **52%** (最难,关键突破点)
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
---
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
## 🎯 总结
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### 配置文件的3大核心创新
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
1. **分辨率提升**: 300×300 → 600×600(2倍)
|
|||
|
|
2. **Decoder增强**: 2层 → 4层(2倍深度)
|
|||
|
|
3. **损失增强**: 单Focal → Focal+Dice+DeepSup
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### 关键技术栈
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
Backbone: Swin Transformer (Camera) + SparseEncoder (LiDAR)
|
|||
|
|
↓
|
|||
|
|
BEV生成: DepthLSS (Camera) + Direct Projection (LiDAR)
|
|||
|
|
↓
|
|||
|
|
融合: ConvFuser
|
|||
|
|
↓
|
|||
|
|
处理: SECOND + SECONDFPN
|
|||
|
|
↓
|
|||
|
|
任务: TransFusion (检测) + Enhanced Head (分割)
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### 训练策略
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
- ✅ 从Phase 3 checkpoint继续
|
|||
|
|
- ✅ 小学习率微调(2e-5)
|
|||
|
|
- ✅ 余弦退火 + warmup
|
|||
|
|
- ✅ 梯度裁剪防止爆炸
|
|||
|
|
- ✅ 每5 epoch评估
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### 预期效果
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
> Phase 4A Stage 1将在9天后完成训练,预计整体mIoU提升至65%,divider IoU达到52%,为后续的Stage 2(800×800)打下坚实基础。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
---
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
**配置文件路径**:
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
/workspace/bevfusion/configs/nuscenes/det/transfusion/secfpn/camera+lidar/swint_v0p075/multitask_BEV2X_phase4a_stage1.yaml
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
**生成时间**: 2025-11-04
|
|||
|
|
**当前状态**: Epoch 3/20 训练中
|
|||
|
|
|